Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice
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內容簡介
Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology and the significance of groundwater in the terrestrial aquatic environment.
Earlier chapters explain the fundamental physical and chemical principles of hydrogeology, and later chapters feature groundwater investigation techniques and contaminant hydrogeology. A unique feature of the book is a chapter on the application of environmental isotopes and noble gases in the interpretation of aquifer evolution. The last chapter discusses groundwater resources and environmental management, and examines the role of groundwater in integrated river basin management, including the possible impacts of climate change.
Throughout the text, boxes are used to explain special topics and to illustrate international case studies. The appendices provide useful reference material and include review questions and exercises to develop the reader's knowledge and problem-solving skills in hydrogeology.
作者簡介
Kevin Hiscock is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia. He has over 20 years’ experience in teaching and research in hydrogeology, with interdisciplinary interests in hydrochemistry, environmental isotopes and groundwater resources management.
目次
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of this book
1.2 What is hydrogeology?
1.3 Early examples of groundwater exploitation
1.4 History of hydrogeology
1.5 The water cycle
1.6 Groundwater as a natural resource
1.7 Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United Kingdom
1.8 European Union Water Framework Directive
1.9 Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United States
1.10 Groundwater resources in developing countries
1.11 Further reading
2. Physical hydrogeology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Porosity
2.3 Darcy's Law and hydraulic conductivity
2.4 Isotropy and homogeneity
2.5 Aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes
2.6 Hydraulic properties of fractured rocks
2.7 Karst aquifers
2.8 Groundwater potential and hydraulic head
2.9 Interpretation of hydraulic head and groundwater conditions
2.9.1 Groundwater flow direction
2.9.2 Water table and potentiometric surface maps
2.9.3 Types of groundwater conditions
2.10 Classification of springs and intermittent streams
2.11 Groundwater flow theory
2.11.1 Transmissivity and storativity of confined aquifers
2.11.2 Release of water from confined aquifers
2.11.3 Transmissivity and specific yield of unconfined aquifers
2.11.4 Equations of groundwater flow
2.11.4.1 Steady-state saturated flow
2.11.4.2 Transient saturated flow
211.4.3 Transient unsaturated flow
2.12 Analytical solution of one-dimensional groundwater flow problems
2.13 Groundwater flow patterns
2.14 Groundwater and geology
2.14.1 Hydrogeological environments of the United Kingdom
2.14.1.1 Sedimentary rocks
2.14.1.2 Metamorphic rocks
2.14.1.3 Igneous rocks
2.15 Further reading
3. Chemical hydrogeology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Properties of water
3.3 Chemical composition of groundwater
3.4 Sequence of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater
3.5 Groundwater sampling and graphical presentation of hydrochemical data
3.6 Physical aqueous groundwater chemistry
3.6.1 Kinetic approach to chemical equilibrium
3.6.2 Energetic approach to chemical equilibrium
3.7 Carbonate chemistry of groundwater
3.8 Adsorption and ion exchange
3.9 Redox chemistry
3.10 Hydrogeochemistry of crystalline rocks
3.11 Further reading
4. Environmental isotope hydrogeology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stable isotope chemistry and nomenclature
4.3 Stable isotopes of water
4.4 Age dating of groundwater
4.4.1 Law of radioactive decay
4.4.2 14C dating
4.4.3 36Cl dating
4.4.4 Tritium dating
4.4.5 3H/3He dating
4.5 Noble gases
4.6 Further reading
5. Groundwater investigation techniques
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Measurement and interpretation of groundwater level data
5.2.1 Water level measurement
5.2.2 Borehole hydrographs and barometric efficiency
5.2.3 Construction of groundwater level contour maps
5.3 Precipitation and evapotranspiration
5.3.1 Precipitation measurement
5.3.2 Evapotranspiration measurement and estimation
5.4 Soil water and infiltration
5.4.1 Soil moisture content and soil water potential
5.4.2 Calculation of drainage and evaporation losses
5.4.3 Infiltration theory and measurement
5.5 Recharge estimation
5.5.1 Borehole hydrograph method
5.5.2 Soil water budget method
5.5.3 Chloride budget method
5.6 Stream gauging techniques
5.6.1 Velocity-area methods
5.6.1.1 Surface floats
5.6.1.2 Current metering
5.6.3 Dilution gauging
5.6.4 Ultrasonic, electromagnetic and integrating float methods
5.6.5 Slope-area method
5.6.6 Weirs and flumes
5.7 Hydrograph analysis
5.7.1 Quickflow and baseflow separation
5.8 Field estimation of aquifer properties
5.8.1 Piezometer tests
5.8.2 Pumping tests
5.8.2.1 Thiem equilibrium method
5.8.2.2 Theis non-equilibrium method
5.8.2.3 Cooper-Jacob straight-line method
5.8.2.4 Recovery test method
5.8.2.5 Principle of superposition of drawdown
5.8.2.6 Leaky, unconfined and bounded aquifer systems
5.8.3 Tracer tests
5.8.4 Geophysical methods
5.9 Groundwater modelling
5.10 Further reading
6. Groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water quality standards
6.2.1 Water hardness
6.2.2 Irrigation water quality
6.3 Transport of contaminants in groundwater
6.3.1 Transport of non-reactive dissolved contaminants
6.3.1.1 One-dimensional solute transport equation
6.3.2 Transport of reactive dissolved contaminants
6.3.2.1 Hydrophobic sorption of non-polar organic compounds
6.3.3 Transport of non-aqueous phase liquids
6.3.4 Effects of density and heterogeneity
6.4 Sources of groundwater contamination
6.4.1 Urban and industrial contaminants
6.4.2 Municipal landfill, domestic and cemetery wastes
6.4.3 Agricultural contaminants
6.4.4 Saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers
6.6 Further reading
7. Groundwater pollution remediation and protection
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Groundwater pollution remediation techniques
7.2.1 Pump-and-treat
7.2.2 Permeable reactive barriers
7.2.3 Monitored natural attenuation
7.3 Groundwater protection strategies in industrialized countries
7.3.1 Groundwater vulnerability mapping and aquifer resource protection
7.3.2 Source protection zones
7.3.3 Risk assessment methods
7.3.4 Spatial planning and groundwater protection
7.4 Groundwater protection strategies in developing countries
7.5 Further reading
8. Groundwater resources and environmental management
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Groundwater resources schemes
8.2.1 Water balance equation
8.2.2 Large-scale groundwater development schemes
8.2.3 Regional-scale groundwater development schemes
8.2.4 Artificial storage and recovery schemes
8.2.5 Riverbank filtration schemes
8.2.6 Horizontal well schemes
8.3 Groundwater abstraction and river flows
8.3.1 Analytical solutions of river flow depletion
8.3.2 Catchment resource modelling of river flow depletion
8.4 Wetland hydrogeology
8.5 Climate change and groundwater resources
8.6 Further reading
Appendices
1. Conversion factors
2. Properties of water in the range 0 - 100 oC
3. The geological timescale
4. Table of atomic weights
5. Composition of seawater and rainwater
6. Values of W(u) for various values of u
7. Values of q/Q and v/Qt corresponding to selected values of t/F for use in computing the rate and volume of stream depletion by wells and boreholes
8. Complementary error function
9. Drinking water quality standards and Lists I and II Substances
10. Review questions and exercises
List of References
Index
ISBN-13碼 :
9780632057634
出版日期 :
2004
書系代碼 :
05903
作者 :
Kevin M. Hiscock
開數 :
菊8開
頁數 :
400
裝訂 :
平裝
印刷 :
黑白
定價 :
2170
