Thoroughly reviewed and updated for the Fourth Edition, this comprehensive manual covers more than 550 signs and symptoms. More than 300 of the most important signs and symptoms are organized alphabetically; each entry includes an introduction with the definition, description, incidence, significance, and summary of causes; emergency interventions (where appropriate); history and physical examination; medical causes; other causes, such as drugs, herbal medicines, procedures and treatments; special considerations, including complications, comfort measures, and tests; pediatric pointers; geriatric pointers; and patient counseling. This manual includes more than 500 illustrations, tables, and flowcharts for quick access to information. An appendix of 250 less familiar, accessory, or nonspecific signs and symptoms is included, along with English/Spanish translations of common signs and symptoms. New to this edition: signs and symptoms of important emerging diseases, coverage of biologic weapons of mass infection, and gender differences in the appearance of signs and symptoms.